Surgical sperm retrieval is a quick and relatively painless procedure that is usually performed under local anaesthetic. This procedure is suitable when sperm production occurs in the testes, but the sperm-carrying tube is blocked or absent, hindering ejaculation. Although seminal fluid can still be ejaculated, it does not contain sperm. In such instances, sperm can be directly collected from the epididymis.
In situations of non-obstructive azoospermia, where sperm is completely absent in ejaculated samples, small amounts may still be produced and can be retrieved directly from the testes through testicular biopsies.
For men with obstructive azoospermia, there's a high likelihood of successfully retrieving sperm through this method. If sperm retrieval is successful, the pregnancy rates through this method are comparable to those of using ejaculated sperm.
Surgical sperm retrieval may be a treatment option for men with:
• An obstruction preventing sperm release, due to injury or infection
• Congenital absence of the vas deferens (men born without the tube that drains the sperm from the testicle)
• Vasectomy
• Men with non-obstructive azoospermia - the testicles are producing low numbers of sperm that are not found in the ejaculate
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